Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex mental health condition that emerges after experiencing or witnessing trauma, from combat and violence to accidents and natural disasters. Studies show that about 1 in 16 Americans will experience PTSD at some point in their lives, with women being twice as likely as men to develop the condition. While most people naturally recover from traumatic experiences, those who develop PTSD face persistent symptoms that can profoundly impact their relationships, work, and daily life. With proper diagnosis and treatment, however, people with PTSD can learn to manage their symptoms and reclaim their well-being.
PTSD symptoms can look different from person to person, and sometimes they do not appear until months or years after the trauma. They are generally categorized into four groups:
1. Intrusive thoughts (re-experiencing)
2. Avoidance
3. Changes in mood and thought
4. Changes in physical and emotional reactivity
Many people experience some of these symptoms immediately after trauma, but when they persist longer than a month or interfere with daily functioning, they may signal PTSD. If symptoms include thoughts of self-harm, immediate professional support is critical.
While experiencing trauma is the main contributing factor to developing PTSD, not everyone who experiences a traumatic event will develop the disorder. In fact, most will not. Specific factors can contribute to the likelihood of someone developing post-traumatic stress disorder, including:
The symptoms of PTSD can be extremely distressing, often causing feelings of heightened anxiety and even hypervigilance (an elevated state of arousal in which one constantly assesses potential threats around them). People who suffer from these distressing symptoms may turn to alcohol to “numb the pain” their PTSD is causing.
People with PTSD may also turn to alcohol as a way to deal with physical symptoms. For example, a common symptom of PTSD and being traumatized in general is having trouble falling asleep and staying asleep. Many individuals start using alcohol to help them “mellow out” and get into a more relaxed state to get a good night’s sleep. However, this often creates a dependency on alcohol. Additionally, over 65% of veterans experience chronic pain from their time in the war. Because of this, it is also fairly common for veterans with PTSD to ease their chronic pain by self-medicating with alcohol.
It is important to note that veterans are a particular community at higher risk for developing both PTSD and alcoholism. More than two out of every ten veterans with PTSD also have alcohol use disorder, and about 30% of veterans seeking treatment for alcoholism also have PTSD. These statistics are higher than those of non-veterans.
Using alcohol as a coping mechanism can quickly become a disorder of its own. If one falls into an alcohol dependency, they will soon have to deal with the consequences of this disorder and their existing PTSD.
Using alcohol too frequently makes it harder to cope with PTSD symptoms and stress in general. In fact, many resources show that using alcohol can make anxiety and depression worse long-term. Research also suggests that the use of alcohol typically makes PTSD treatment less effective.
In terms of PTSD, binge drinking can increase symptoms like feeling emotionally numb and disconnected from others, becoming irritable and reactive, and experiencing “jitters” and feelings of being “on guard” at all times. Not to mention, once someone creates a dependency on alcohol, it’s harder to stop without experiencing withdrawal symptoms. These withdrawal symptoms may be tough to deal with on top of existing PTSD symptoms.
If you think you may be experiencing PTSD and/or an alcohol use problem, it is always a wise decision to reach out to your doctor so you can talk about possible treatment plans.
A few examples of effective treatment options for those with PTSD and AUD are:
Remember, seeking help is a sign of strength, not weakness. Taking the first step toward recovery can open the door to healing from both PTSD and alcohol use disorder.
You may be reluctant to reach out to a loved one to try to help with trauma and alcoholism for fear that you are overstepping a boundary. As long as you come from a non-judgmental, caring, and respectful place, reaching out to help a loved one will always do more good than harm. Your support may be just the thing they need to get professional help and start their recovery journey.
Here are a few tips and things to be mindful of when helping someone with PTSD and alcoholism:
Be mindful of triggers and the language you use
When speaking to someone who has been traumatized, it is necessary to be cognizant of their trauma triggers. For example, if a previous romantic partner harassed your loved one, it is best not to bring up their dating life in conversation, as this will likely cause them to think about the traumatizing experience. Likewise, for someone in alcohol recovery, being around alcohol can be triggering. Be mindful of triggers and try your best to avoid them. Additionally, a negative stigma is attached to alcoholism and trauma, so be sure you speak to loved ones in a way that never involves victim blaming, judging, or assumptions.
Be there in whatever way they need
Remember that your loved one may already know what they need to feel better. This may be to help them find treatment or someone to listen to them talk about their experience. Whatever support they need, express that you are always there for them and will help them.
Check in with yourself
Especially when dealing with someone’s trauma, it is essential to check in with our mental health and make sure that helping a loved one isn’t causing anxiety of our own. If you feel you are becoming triggered by your own trauma or are too overwhelmed to be the main supporter of your loved one’s journey, take a step back. Referring your friend to a professional or another loved one who can be of better help to them is nothing to be ashamed of.
What other substance use disorders commonly co-occur with PTSD?
Along with alcohol use disorder, PTSD often co-occurs with other substance dependencies. Research shows that individuals with PTSD are more likely to develop dependencies on prescription medications, particularly anti-anxiety drugs and painkillers. Marijuana and other illicit drug use are also common as people attempt to self-medicate their PTSD symptoms. Understanding these connections is crucial because treating both conditions simultaneously typically leads to better outcomes than addressing each separately.
What types of treatment programs are available for PTSD and alcohol use disorder?
Treatment programs vary from intensive outpatient care to residential programs, depending on your needs. Many programs combine trauma-focused therapy with addiction treatment for comprehensive care.
How many therapy sessions will I need?
The number of therapy sessions varies for each person. Your healthcare provider will work with you to determine the appropriate frequency and duration of sessions based on your specific needs and progress.
Can family therapy help with PTSD recovery?
Family therapy can be an essential component of PTSD treatment, helping loved ones understand the condition while improving communication and support systems within the family unit.
Is online treatment effective for PTSD?
Online treatment options have become increasingly available and effective, especially for those who face barriers to in-person care. Virtual therapy sessions can provide similar benefits to traditional face-to-face treatment.
What role does emotional support play in recovery?
Emotional support from family, friends, and support groups is crucial for recovery. A strong support system can help maintain motivation and provide practical assistance during challenging times.
Does health insurance cover PTSD treatment?
Most health insurance plans cover PTSD treatment, including therapy and medication. Coverage details vary by provider, so it’s important to check with your insurance company about specific benefits.
If you need help with your substance use disorder, we are here to help you build your confidence and momentum towards the future you want. We are currently located in Louisiana, Massachusetts, North Carolina, New Jersey, Ohio, Texas, and Washington.
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